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Language is the term used to refer to a structured communication system based on speech, gesture, writing, and sign. The structure and free components of a language are grammar and vocabulary, respectively. Languages generally include writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is unique among systems of animal communication in that it does not depend on a single means of transmission, is highly variable among cultures and across time, and affords a much wider range of expression than other systems. Language also refers to the cognitive ability to learn and use such a communication system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.

This user-made vital articles sublist includes 1,260 subjects related to language for which I personally believe the English Wikipedia should have corresponding articles. Articles are labeled based on their quality as outlined below.

  • Featured articles
  • Former featured articles
  • A-class articles
  • Good articles
  • Delisted good articles
  • B-class articles
  • C-class articles
  • Start-class articles
  • Stub-class articles
  • List-class articles
  • Unassessed
  • A full list is at Template:Icon/doc.


Language (quota: 1,180 articles)

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General (quota: 430 articles)

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  1. Language
    1. Origin of language
  2. Artificial language
  3. First language
  4. Constructed language
  5. Cultural emphasis
  6. Escagraph
  7. Fluency
  8. Intensifier
  9. Interpretive discussion
  10. Language complexity
  11. Language game
  12. Language preservation
  13. Lingua franca
  14. Literacy
    1. Reading
  15. Metafunction
  16. Natural language
  17. Philology
  18. Pidgin
  19. Pronunciation
  20. Second language
  21. Speech
    1. Origin of speech
    2. Speech processing
  22. Standard language
  23. Translation
    1. Language interpretation
  24. Visual language
  25. World language
  26. Writing
    1. Alphabet
    2. Diacritic
    3. Letter
    4. Orthography
    5. Syllabary
    6. Transliteration
    7. Writing system

Language acquisition (13 articles)

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  1. Language acquisition
  2. Babbling
  3. Cluttering
  4. Crib talk
  5. Extensive reading
  6. Input hypothesis
  7. Interlanguage
  8. Language development
  9. Phonological development
  10. Second-language acquisition
  11. Sequential bilingualism
  12. Speech repetition
  13. Vocabulary development

Language mechanics (57 articles)

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Grammar (49 articles)

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  1. Grammar
  2. Syntax
    1. Theta role
  3. Sentence
  4. Clause
  5. Phrase
    1. Proverb
    2. Idiom
  6. Affirmation and negation
  7. Comparison
    1. Comparative
  8. Declension
  9. Description
  10. Determiner
  11. Final clause
  12. Formal grammar
  13. Function word
  14. Grammatical aspect
  15. Grammatical case
  16. Grammatical category
  17. Grammatical conjugation
  18. Grammatical mood
  19. Grammatical number
  20. Grammatical tense
  21. Inflection
  22. Nominalization
  23. Possessive
  24. Punctuation
    1. Apostrophe
    2. Bracket
    3. Colon
    4. Comma
      1. Serial comma
    5. Dash
    6. Ellipsis
    7. Exclamation mark
    8. Full stop
    9. Guillemet
    10. Hyphen
    11. Question mark
    12. Quotation mark
    13. Semicolon
    14. Interpunct
    15. Slash
      1. Backslash
    16. Space
  25. Reduplication
  26. Speech act
  27. Systemic functional linguistics

Spelling (8 articles)

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  1. Spelling
  2. Cacography
  3. Official script
  4. Phonemic orthography
  5. Silent letter
  6. Spelling pronunciation
  7. Spelling reform
  8. Typographical error

Linguistics (72 articles)

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  1. Linguistics
  2. Lexicology
  3. Linguistic typology

Applied linguistics (8 articles)

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  1. Applied linguistics
  2. Computational linguistics
  3. Contrastive linguistics
  4. Evolutionary linguistics
  5. Forensic linguistics
  6. Internet linguistics
  7. Neurolinguistics
  8. Psycholinguistics

Descriptive linguistics (29 articles)

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  1. Anthropological linguistics
  2. Comparative linguistics
  3. Graphetics
  4. Historical linguistics
    1. Etymology
    2. Language change
      1. Semantic change
      2. Sound change
        1. Grimm's law
        2. Phonological change
      3. Syntactic change
  5. Linguistic description
  6. Phonetics
    1. Consonant
      1. Rhotic consonant
    2. International Phonetic Alphabet
    3. Prosody
    4. Vowel
      1. Schwa
  7. Sociolinguistics
    1. Accent
    2. Code-switching
    3. Dialect
    4. Diglossia
    5. Endangered language
    6. Language death
    7. Multilingualism
      1. Bilingual education
    8. Slang

Theoretical linguistics (32 articles)

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  1. Theoretical linguistics
  2. Cognitive linguistics
  3. Functional linguistics
  4. Generative grammar
    1. Lexis
  5. Graphemics
  6. Morphology
    1. Abbreviation
      1. Acronym
    2. Contraction
    3. Hypocorism
    4. Morpheme
  7. Morphophonology
  8. Phonology
    1. Phoneme
    2. Syllable
  9. Quantitative linguistics
  10. Semantics
    1. Euphemism
    2. Profanity
    3. Reference
  11. Semiotics
    1. Pragmatics
    2. Sign
      1. Symbol
    3. Ideogram
      1. Pictogram
      2. Emoticon
      3. Emoji
      4. Heart symbol
      5. Human skull symbolism
      6. Smiley

Vocabulary (18 articles)

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  1. Vocabulary
    1. Word
  2. Part of speech
    1. Noun
      1. Name
        1. Middle name
        2. Nickname
        3. Personal name
        4. Surname
      2. Proper noun and common noun
    2. Verb
    3. Adjective
    4. Article
    5. Adverb
    6. Conjunction
    7. Interjection
    8. Pronoun
    9. Preposition and postposition

Sound change and alternation (10 articles)

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  1. Alternation
  2. Assimilation
  3. Dissimilation
  4. Elision
  5. Epenthesis
  6. Fortition
  7. Lenition
  8. Metathesis
  9. Sandhi
  10. Transphonologization

Language families (quota: 80 articles)

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  1. Language family
  2. Afroasiatic languages
    1. Semitic languages
  3. Algic languages
  4. Altaic languages
  5. Austroasiatic languages
  6. Austronesian languages
    1. Oceanic languages
      1. Polynesian languages
  7. Creole language
  8. Dravidian languages
  9. Eskimo–Aleut languages
  10. Indo-European languages
    1. Celtic languages
    2. Indo-Aryan languages
    3. Romance languages
    4. Germanic languages
      1. Frisian languages
      2. North Germanic languages
    5. Iranian languages
    6. Slavic languages
  11. Japonic languages
  12. Kartvelian languages
  13. Khoisan languages
  14. Koreanic languages
  15. Kra–Dai languages
  16. Language isolate
  17. Niger–Congo languages
    1. Bantu languages
  18. Nilo-Saharan languages
  19. Mayan languages
  20. North Caucasian languages
  21. Quechuan languages
  22. Sign language
  23. Sino-Tibetan languages
  24. Trans–New Guinea languages
  25. Tungusic languages
  26. Turkic languages
  27. Uralic languages
  28. Uto-Aztecan languages

Alphabets and writing systems (quota: 100 articles)

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  1. Braille
  2. Arabic script
    1. Arabic alphabet
    2. Persian alphabet
  3. Brahmic scripts
  4. Chinese characters
    1. Simplified Chinese characters
    2. Traditional Chinese characters
  5. Cuneiform
  6. Cyrillic script
    1. Cyrillic alphabets
  7. Devanagari
  8. Egyptian hieroglyphs
  9. Georgian scripts
  10. Greek alphabet
  11. Hangul
  12. Hebrew alphabet
  13. Indus script
  14. Japanese writing system
    1. Hiragana
    2. Kanji
    3. Katakana
  15. Latin script
    1. Latin alphabet
  16. Linear A
  17. Linear B
  18. Maya script
  19. Mongolian script
  20. Morse code
  21. Phoenician alphabet
  22. Rosetta Stone
  23. Romanization
    1. Romanization of Arabic
    2. Romanization of Chinese
      1. Pinyin
    3. Romanization of Japanese
  24. Runes
  25. Thai script
  26. Tibetan script

Specific languages (quota: 540 articles)

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General (17 articles)

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  1. Abkhaz language
  2. Avar language
  3. Aymara language
  4. Chechen language
  5. Cherokee language
  6. Cree language
  7. Georgian language
  8. Greenlandic language
  9. Guarani language
  10. Hmong language
  11. Inuktitut
  12. Inupiaq language
  13. Kanuri language
  14. Mongolian language
  15. Nahuatl
  16. Navajo language
  17. Ojibwe language

Afroasiatic languages (24 articles)

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  1. Afar language
  2. Akkadian language
  3. Amharic
  4. Arabic
    1. Classical Arabic
    2. Egyptian Arabic
    3. Levantine Arabic
    4. Maghrebi Arabic
    5. Modern Standard Arabic
    6. Moroccan Arabic
    7. Peninsular Arabic
    8. Maltese language
    9. Tunisian Arabic
  5. Aramaic
    1. Syriac language
  6. Berber languages
  7. Egyptian language
    1. Coptic language
  8. Hebrew language
    1. Modern Hebrew
  9. Hausa language
  10. Oromo language
  11. Somali language
  12. Tigrinya language

Austronesian languages (22 articles)

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  1. Cebuano language
  2. Chamorro language
  3. Fijian language
  4. Gilbertese language
  5. Hawaiian language
  6. Hiri Motu
  7. Indonesian language
  8. Javanese language
  9. Madurese language
  10. Malagasy language
  11. Malay language
  12. Māori language
  13. Marshallese language
  14. Nauruan language
  15. Samoan language
  16. Sundanese language
  17. Tagalog language
    1. Filipino language
  18. Tahitian language
  19. Tolai language
  20. Tongan language
  21. Tuvaluan language

Austro-Asiatic languages (2 articles)

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  1. Khmer language
  2. Vietnamese language

Constructed languages (9 articles)

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  1. Esperanto
  2. Ido
  3. Interlingua
  4. Interlingue
  5. Interslavic language
  6. Klingon language
  7. Lojban
  8. Toki Pona
  9. Volapük

Creole languages (6 articles)

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  1. Bislama
  2. Chavacano
  3. Haitian Creole
  4. Jamaican Patois
  5. Sango language
  6. Tok Pisin

Dravidian languages (4 articles)

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  1. Kannada
  2. Malayalam
  3. Tamil language
  4. Telugu language

Indo-European languages (108 articles)

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General (5 articles)

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  1. Albanian language
  2. Armenian language
  3. Greek language
    1. Ancient Greek
  4. Hittite language

Celtic languages (6 articles)

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  1. Breton language
  2. Cornish language
  3. Irish language
  4. Manx language
  5. Scottish Gaelic
  6. Welsh language

Indo-Aryan languages (18 articles)

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  1. Assamese language
  2. Bengali language
  3. Bihari languages
  4. Bhojpuri language
  5. Gujarati language
  6. Hindustani language
    1. Hindi
    2. Urdu
  7. Kashmiri language
  8. Maldivian language
  9. Marathi language
  10. Nepali language
  11. Odia language
  12. Pali
  13. Sanskrit
  14. Sindhi language
  15. Sinhala language
  16. Punjabi language

Romance languages (24 articles)

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  1. Aragonese language
  2. Catalan language
  3. Corsican language
  4. French language
    1. Middle French
    2. Old French
    3. Quebec French
    4. Standard French
  5. Galician language
  6. Italian language
    1. Regional Italian
  7. Latin
    1. Classical Latin
    2. Latin grammar
    3. Medieval Latin
    4. Vulgar Latin
  8. Occitan language
  9. Portuguese language
  10. Romanian language
    1. Moldovan language
  11. Romansh language
  12. Sardinian language
  13. Spanish language
  14. Walloon language

Germanic languages (33 articles)

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  1. Afrikaans
  2. Danish language
  3. Dutch language
  4. English language
    1. Basic English
    2. Old English
    3. Middle English
    4. Early Modern English
    5. Modern English
      1. American English
        1. African-American Vernacular English
      2. Australian English
      3. British English
      4. Canadian English
      5. Indian English
      6. South African English
    6. Scots language
  5. Faroese language
  6. German language
    1. High German languages
      1. Pennsylvania German language
      2. Swiss German
    2. Low German
  7. Gothic language
  8. Icelandic language
  9. Limburgish
  10. Luxembourgish
  11. Norwegian language
    1. Bokmål
    2. Nynorsk
  12. Swedish language
  13. West Frisian language
  14. Yiddish

Iranian languages (6 articles)

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  1. Avestan
  2. Kurdish languages
  3. Ossetian language
  4. Pashto
  5. Persian language
    1. Tajik language

Baltic languages (2 articles)

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  1. Latvian language
  2. Lithuanian language

Slavic languages (14 articles)

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  1. Belarusian language
  2. Bulgarian language
  3. Czech language
  4. Macedonian language
  5. Old Church Slavonic
  6. Polish language
  7. Russian language
  8. Serbo-Croatian
    1. Bosnian language
    2. Croatian language
    3. Serbian language
  9. Slovak language
  10. Slovene language
  11. Ukrainian language

Japonic languages (3 articles)

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  1. Hachijō language
  2. Japanese language
  3. Ryukyuan languages

Koreanic languages (2 articles)

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  1. Korean language
  2. Jeju language

Kra–Dai languages (3 articles)

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  1. Lao language
  2. Thai language
  3. Zhuang languages

Language isolates (3 articles)

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  1. Basque language
  2. Elamite language
  3. Sumerian language

Niger–Congo languages (32 articles)

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  1. Akan language
  2. Bambara language
  3. Chewa language
  4. Ewe language
  5. Fula language
  6. Igbo language
  7. Kikuyu language
  8. Kongo language
  9. Lingala
  10. Luba-Katanga language
  11. Luganda
  12. Herero language
  13. Kinyarwanda
  14. Kirundi
  15. Mossi language
  16. Northern Ndebele language
  17. Ovambo language
    1. Ndonga dialect
    2. Kwanyama dialect
  18. Shona language
  19. Sotho language
  20. Southern Ndebele language
  21. Swahili language
  22. Swazi language
  23. Tsonga language
  24. Tswana language
  25. Twi
  26. Venda language
  27. Wolof language
  28. Xhosa language
  29. Yoruba language
  30. Zulu language

Sign language (1 article)

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  1. American Sign Language

Sino-Tibetan languages (20 articles)

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  1. Burmese language
  2. Chinese language
    1. Classical Chinese
    2. Gan Chinese
    3. Hakka Chinese
    4. Huizhou Chinese
    5. Mandarin Chinese
    6. Min Chinese
      1. Fuzhou dialect
      2. Southern Min
      3. Taiwanese Hokkien
    7. Wu Chinese
      1. Shanghainese
      2. Suzhou dialect
    8. Xiang Chinese
    9. Yue Chinese
      1. Cantonese
  3. Dzongkha
  4. Nuosu language
  5. Standard Tibetan

Turkic languages (11 articles)

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  1. Azerbaijani language
  2. Bashkir language
  3. Chuvash language
  4. Kazakh language
  5. Kyrgyz language
  6. Tatar language
  7. Turkish language
  8. Turkmen language
  9. Tuvan language
  10. Uyghur language
  11. Uzbek language

Uralic languages (5 articles)

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  1. Estonian language
  2. Finnish language
  3. Hungarian language
  4. Komi language
  5. Northern Sami

The English language (quota: 30 articles)

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  1. English alphabet
    1. English Braille
  2. English grammar
    1. English clause syntax
    2. English personal pronouns
    3. English verbs
  3. English orthography
  4. English phonology
    1. Phonological history of English
      1. Great Vowel Shift
    2. Rhoticity in English
  5. History of English
  6. Rhyming slang
  7. Received Pronunciation