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Arthur J. Ruhlig, 1912-2003, US-american Physicist, one of the founding fathers of nuclear fission, source: https://www.lanl.gov/media/news/0623-dt-fusion-experiment; born in 1912 in Michigan, While Arthur (Art) Ruhlig never received wide acclaim for his initial observation of deuterium-tritium fusion, he was an important contributor to essential physics for many years. Born June 13, 1912, in Michigan, he graduated from high school in Fort Wayne, Indiana, before setting off for the University of Michigan. Studying under H. Richard Crane, Ruhlig was awarded a doctorate in physics in January 1938 for his thesis, “The Passage of Fast Electrons and Positrons Through Lead.” Ruhlig’s critical publication in Physical Review, “Search for Gamma-Rays from the Deuteron-Deuteron Reaction,” with its observation of DT fusion, followed in August of that year.
Ruhlig’s career spanned government and private industry research across a few disciplines. He joined the Naval Research Laboratory in 1940 as an electrical engineer, and he was with the Laboratory for more than 15 years. In 1946, he was with the Rocket Sonde Research Branch, an arm of the Naval Research Laboratory charged with developing rocketry that uses instruments to study the atmosphere. He went on to become the branch head first of the radiation division and then the electron tubes group. Much of his work from this time was and remains classified, though he occasionally published in open literature.
In a serendipitous turn, Ruhlig was a member of a Naval Research Laboratory team that supported Los Alamos’ 1951 Operation Greenhouse in the Pacific. Ruhlig led a diagnostic group responsible for amplifiers and transmission lines. Having been the first to observe DT fusion in 1938, he was thus among the first to observe ignited burning fusion plasma as deployed in the series of thermonuclear tests. Ruhlig developed a formula, widely used for decades, to infer the temperature of a burning plasma from the observed neutron spectrum.
In 1956, Ruhlig joined the engineering and research company Aeronutronic (later purchased by Ford and merged with Philco), managing a radar and electronics laboratory. In 1960, Ruhlig was named manager of physics and computing for what was now the Aeronutronic division of Ford Motor Company in Newport Beach, California, and then in 1961 was named a senior staff scientist. The company noted Ruhlig’s “wide-ranging competence” on display during his tenure there in the 1960s, including his valuable role in developing a laser system proposal for the U.S. Air Force. He could fluently read in German, French and Russian and was praised as a “brilliant scientist,” whose “company loyalty and (…) personal and professional integrity are of the highest order.”
A family-oriented man, Ruhlig married his wife, Emily, in 1934, and they were married for nearly 67 years before her death in 2001. Arthur Ruhlig died in 2003 in Santa Ana, California. The Los Alamos-Duke University research team replicating the experiment connected with Ruhlig’s daughter Vivian Lamb, living in North Carolina. She had been searching family history to share with her granddaughter, and, seeing the team’s request for information about Ruhlig online, reached out to the research team and graciously shared her time and memories. She also passed along a picture of her hardworking father, likely from sometime following his 1938 work — a portrait of, in Vivian’s words, the “consummate scientist,” one who paired a “lifelong curiosity about problems in physics” with abiding “respect for careful scientific experiments.”
Elke-Caroline Aschenauer German experimental particle physicist working at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Long Island, United States. She is an expert on the nucleon structure and on the parton dynamics in the context of quantum chromodynamics. In 2018, Aschenauer has been awarded the prestigious Humboldt Research Award [Humboldt], attributed by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Bonn, Germany. Berndt Mueller, Brookhaven Lab’s Associate Laboratory Director for Nuclear and Particle Physics, mentioned, “Elke has been one of the driving forces of the RHIC Spin program over the past decade, which culminated in the discovery that gluons are major contributors to the spin of the proton. In addition, she has established herself as one of the global leaders developing the science program of a proposed future Electron-Ion Collider. The Humboldt Research Award recognizes her outsized contributions to the science of nucleon structure.”
David Berman (physicist), Professor of Theoretical Physics at Queen Mary, University of London. Particular focus on string theory and fundamental theoretical physics, and also known for lots of public engagement work (e.g. appearances on BBC Radio 4) and collaboration with artists like Grenville Davey. Personal webpage can be found here and Google Scholar profile here
Edouard Tsyganov (b. 1933) experimental physicist who led Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia during it's collaboration with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory on joint studies involving interactions of pions, protons and neutrinos. The collaboration was one of the first scientific endeavors to bridge scientific ties betwene the US and the USSR in the height of the Cold War. The collaboration measured the charge radius of the pion by bombarding electrons with negative pions. [18]
Or Hen Israeli nuclear physicist and the Class of 1956 CD Associate Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States. Known for his studies using scattering of high-energy electrons, photons, protons and radioactive ions to understand the nature and formation mechanisms of short-ranged nucleon-correlations in nuclei and the interplay between partonic and nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclei, and nuclear effects in neutrino interactions for precision oscillation measurements. A co-leader in the development of the ePIC experiment at the U.S. Electron-Ion Collider. Hen was recognized by many fellowships and awards including the APS Stuart J. Freedman award (“For innovative, wide-ranging, experiments that found important manifestations of nuclear neutron-proton short-range correlations”), Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, DOE Early Career Award, IUPAP Young Scientist Prize, Guido Altareli Award, and others.
Joel David Green – previous Project Scientist in the Office of Public Outreach at STSci, lead of several Herschel, SOFIA, and ground-based general observer programs, and collaborator in numerous initiatives with JWST – [27]
L. David Roper (req. pre 2012-01-15) b.1935; US physicist; Ph.D. in theoretical physics from MIT; faculty of Virginia Tech; [28]
Samuel L. Marateck, Professor of Computer Science at NYU. Yang-Mills theory and Feynman Diagrams. Author of 7 computer science textbooks. More info [36]
Shih-I Pai (1913-1996; aeronautical researcher at the University of Maryland [37])
Viqar Husain – Theoretical physicist and Professor at the University of New Brunswick. Works in general relativity and quantum gravity. Known for the Husain-Kuchar model, new exact solutions of Einstein's equations, and self-dual gravity; [39]; [40];[41]; [42]
William Bertozzi (Creator of the experiment which proved mass increasing with speed)
Arjun Berera (Theoretical Physicist) Originally developed the theory of warm inflation. He is known for his work on the Panspermia mechanism "Space dust collisions as a planetary escape mechanism."
Electrical losses – There are already articles to the closely related topics of Joule heating and Copper loss, and a subsection at Electric power transmission#Losses; furthermore, Resistive loss redirects to "Joule heating" and Load loss redirects to "Copper loss". I feel that these are all distinct ideas, as is my proposition "Electrical losses". I think "resistive loss" and "load loss" should instead redirect to a new "Electrical losses" article, which would have real-world explanations, mathematical equations and also explain the differences between all of the above ideas, all in a single article. BigSteve (talk) 19:38, 9 April 2013 (UTC)[reply]
Nuclear fuel cell – Would be nice for people to explain it, and whether it would be theoretically possible or even efficient; Seems it might just be an imaginary tale of Hollywood
Pycnodeuterium – a molecular form of deuterium used in cold fusion reactors (currently redirect to Deuterium)
Radiopurity – Freedom from radioactive contamination. The word is used in numerous low-background physics experiments' articles, and might be worth a brief definition. Or maybe a redirect?
Bragg-Kleeman Rule - where R (1 and 2) are the ranges of particle 1 and 2, (1 and 2) is the density of the medium particle 1 or 2 is traveling through, and A is the atomic weight for particle 1 or 2. It is a relation useful in detection methods for particles. It is discussed briefly in Nuclear Electronics by P.W. Nicholson. I was searching for this article because I had a question about the rule, so I can't really provide much more information.
Illuminant D50 (although D65 is more frequently used, actually D50 also ought to have an independent article because when viewing prints, D50 rather than D65 should be used [61])
Degrader (mass spectrometry) – Something used in mass spectrometers to modify the beam somehow. Mentioned lots in this presentation (which also shows lots of mass spectrometer types I've never seen before—those might be good to write articles on too, if notable)
Kinetic free energy – analogous to thermodynamics free energy of a system. See also Free energy which refers to objects, not systems. An example is the abundant free energy available in a planet's fluid atmospheres.
M(3000) (it is either MUF(3000) or M(3000)F2; MUF(3000) is the maximum usable frequency at which a radio wave can be reflected and received at a horizontal distance of 3000 km. req. pre-2012-01-15)
Galilean Gravity – a scalar-tensor modified gravity theory in which the scalar field displays Galilean Invariance.
General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Could we have a single article explaining (i) the conflicts between these theories and (ii) the attempts to resolve them?
Backflow (physics) – a phenomenon where a particle moves backward in relation to the force it applies, like if an object being pushed would cause them to go toward them, contradicting common sense
General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Could we have a single article explaining (i) the conflicts between these theories and (ii) the attempts to resolve them?
MAGIS-100 The 100-meter-long Matter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor at Fermilab. [88], [89]
Many Interacting Worlds a new theory involving many worlds where the worlds interact with each other. calculations using this model were shown to be able to replace the wave function. by simulating as few as 41 worlds they were able to retrodict the results of the double-slit experiment, for example. there are some possibilities for actually testing this theory. [90], [91], [92]
Massless electron approximation Electrons are assumed to have the same size orbits as without that approximation and have the same amount of attractive force to the nuclei so the electrons must be orbiting infinitely fast and so that approximation can't be applied to relativistic quantum mechanics. Furthermore, since they're assumed to be massless, the Planck constant is also assumed to be zero with nuclei behaving only like particles and just electrons behaving like waves. There are no photons in that approximation because it's nonrelativistic.
Two-temperature model The model widely used to explain the damage in the laser irradiation experiments. The model assumes the atoms and electrons of the material have different temperatures and may interchange the energy depending on the temperature difference. The Google Scholar search provides many results, for example, [95].
Witten effect (effect of existence of non-integer electric charge in magnetic monopole; predicted by Edward Witten in 1979; not to be confused with Hanany-Witten effect) [96]