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Soltaniyeh Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soltaniyeh

"Saidiyeh" redirects here. For other uses, see Saidiyeh (disambiguation).
This article is about the historical capital of the Ilkhanate. For other uses, see Sultaniya.

Soltaniyeh
Persian: سلطانيه
City
Dome of Soltaniyeh
Dome of Soltaniyeh
Soltaniyeh is located in Iran
Soltaniyeh
Soltaniyeh
Coordinates: 36°26′03″N 48°47′40″E / 36.43417°N 48.79444°E / 36.43417; 48.79444[1][2]
CountryIran
ProvinceZanjan
CountySoltaniyeh
DistrictCentral
Elevation
1,784 m (5,853 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total
7,638
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Soltaniyeh (Persian: سلطانيه)[a] is a city in the Central District of Soltaniyeh County, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]

History

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Soltaniyeh map by Matrakçı Nasuh, circa 1550

Soltaniyeh, located some 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the north-west of Tehran, was built as the capital of Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Iran in the 14th century. Its name which refers to the Islamic ruler title sultan translates loosely as "the Regal". Soltaniyeh was visited by Ruy González de Clavijo, who reported that the city was a hub of silk exportation.[6]

In 2005, UNESCO listed Soltaniyeh as one of the World Heritage Sites. The road from Zanjan to Soltaniyeh extends until it reaches to the Katale khor cave.

William Dalrymple notes that Öljaitü intended Soltaniyeh to be "the largest and most magnificent city in the world" but that it "died with him" and is now "a deserted, crumbling spread of ruins."[7]

Demographics

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Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,864 in 1,649 households,[8] when it was capital of the former Soltaniyeh District of Abhar County.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 7,116 people in 2,013 households.[10] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,638 people in 2,319 households,[3] by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Soltaniyeh County. Soltaniyeh was transferred to the new Central District as the county's capital.[5]

Ecclesiastical history

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Sultaniyya, Friday Mosque, built by Uljaytu. A possible prototype of the Bibi-Khanym Mosque. François Préault in 1808.[11]

On 1 April 1318, due to the progress of the Persian missions of the Dominican and Franciscan orders, pope John XII established the archdiocese of Soltania and separated it from the archdiocese of Khanbalik.[12][13] In 1329, the Latin Diocese of Samarcanda became its suffragan for the Chagatai Khanate, at least until Tamerlane (founder of the Timurids) swept its see Samarkand. The archdiocese was suppressed as residential see around 1450.[citation needed]

Residential archbishops

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Metropolitan Archbishops of Soltania
  • Francesco da Perugia, Dominican Order O.P. (1318.08.01 – ?)
  • Guillaume Adam, O.P. (1322.10.06 – 1324.10.26); previously Archbishop of Smirna (Smyrna) (Asian Turkey, now İzmir) (1318 – 1322.10.06); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Bar (Montenegro) (1324.10.26 – death 1341)
  • Giovanni di Cori, O.P. (1329.08.09 – ?)
  • Guglielmo, O.P. (? – ?)
  • Giovanni di Piacenza, O.P. (1349.01.09 – ?)
  • Tommaso, O.P. (1368.02.28 – ?)
  • Domenico Manfredi, O.P. (1388.08.18 – ?)
  • Giovanni di Gallofonte, O.P. (1398.08.26 – ?)
  • Nicolò Roberti (1401.01.24 – ?); previously Bishop of Ferrara (Italy) (1393.02.04 – 1401.01.24)
  • Thomas Abaraner, O.P. (1425.12.19 – ?)
  • Giovanni, O.P. (1425.12.19 – ?)

Titular see

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Dome of Soltaniyeh, Zanjan Province, Iran
Dome of Soltaniyeh, Zanjan Province, Iran

Transformed at its suppression as residential see in 1450 into a Latin Titular archbishopric, which was itself suppressed in 1926:

See also

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Media related to Soltaniyeh at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Solţāneyyeh and Solţānīyeh; also known as Sa‘īdīyeh, Sultaniye, and Sultānīyeh[4]
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http://sultaniyya.org/

Further reading

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  • Hatef Naiemie, Atri (2020). "The Ilkhanid City of Sultaniyya: Some Remarks on the Citadel and the Outer City". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies: 1–30. doi:10.1080/05786967.2020.1744469.
  • Minorsky, V.; Bosworth, C.E & Blair, Sheila S. (1997). "Sulṭāniyya". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 859–861. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (10 September 2024). "Ghal'e Soltaniye, دهستان سلطانیه, بخش مرکزی [Soltaniyeh Rural District, Central District], Soltanieh County, Zanjan Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  2. ^ "CQMV+MQ8 Soltaniyeh, Zanjan Province, Iran" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  3. ^ a b سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان زنجان [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Zanjan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  4. ^ Soltaniyeh can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3081931" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. ^ a b Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (19 June 2013) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1392/03/29 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. اصلاحات تقسیماتی در استان زنجان [‌Divisional reforms in Zanjan province]. مهدی داودآبادی [Mehdi Davudabadi] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. پیشنهاد شماره [Proposal Number] 131110/42/4/1. Archived from the original on 25 June 2025. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  6. ^ Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de (1859). Narrative of the embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the court of Timour at Samarcand, A.D. 1403-6. p. 93. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  7. ^ Dalrymple, William (1989). In Xanadu. pp. 128–129.
  8. ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان زنجان [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Zanjan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  9. ^ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان زنجان به مرکزیت شهر زنجان [‌Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of elements and units of the national divisions of Zanjan province, centered in Zanjan city]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] 965C7B0D-32D4-4BC6-A126-65D28CD02436. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  10. ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان زنجان [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Zanjan Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  11. ^ Paskaleva, Elena (9 October 2023). "Samarqand's Congregational Mosque of Bibi Khanum as a Representation of Timurid Legitimacy and Rulership". Manazir Journal. 5: 72. doi:10.36950/manazir.2023.5.4.
  12. ^ Habig, Marion Alphonse (1953). In Journeyings Often: Franciscan Pioneers in the Orient. Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University. p. 164.
  13. ^ Waterfield, Robin E. (2011). Christians in Persia: Assyrians, Armenians, Roman Catholics and Protestants. London: Routledge. pp. 52–53. ISBN 0042750016.
  14. ^ سلطان گنبدها | جدید آنلاین. Jadidonline.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  15. ^ Flash video. jadidonline.com
Preceded by Capital of Ilkhanate (Persia)
1306-1335 		Succeeded by
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