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Jetpack Compose Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetpack_Compose

Jetpack Compose
Developer(s)Google
Repository
Written inKotlin
Operating systemAndroid
TypeLibrary
Websitedeveloper.android.com/develop/ui/compose

Jetpack Compose is an open-source Kotlin-based declarative UI framework for Android developed by Google. The first preview was announced in May 2019, and the framework was made ready for production in July 2021.

In Compose, a user interface is defined using functions that have been annotated with the @Composable annotation, which are known as composable functions and define the screen's state. Jetpack Compose uses a Kotlin compiler plugin to transform composable functions into UI elements.[1] For example, the Text composable function displays a text label on the screen.

History

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The first preview of Jetpack Compose was announced at the Google I/O conference in May 2019.[2] The developer preview was released in October 2019,[3] and the alpha release took place in August 2020.[4]

Compose entered its beta phase in February 2021, with its first production release taking place that July.[5]

Features

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Jetpack Compose supports Android 5.0 and later.[6] It uses the Kotlin programming language, and provides a reactive programming model similar to other UI frameworks such as Vue.js and React Native.[2] Compose is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing Android apps and libraries, allowing developers to gradually migrate their apps to Compose.[5]

In Compose, a user interface is defined using functions that have been annotated with the @Composable annotation, which are known as composable functions and define the screen's state.[7][8] The annotation is used by the Compose compiler to generate the UI boilerplate code.[8] When the state is updated, composable functions are called again with new data, which causes the widgets they emit to be redrawn in a process known as recomposition. Recomposition is only performed for composable functions that need to be updated, which improves UI efficiency.[9]

The 1.0 release introduced Compose Preview, which is built into Android Studio starting with Arctic Fox. It allows composables to be previewed using different configurations without deploying the app to a device.[10]

In September 2024, the 1.0 stable version of the Jetpack Compose APIs for building adaptive UIs with Material 3 was released.[11]

Usage

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At the time of Jetpack Compose's 1.0 release, Google said, "There are already over 2,000 apps in the Play Store using Compose – in fact, the Play Store app itself uses Compose."[7] As of October 2022, 16% of the top 1000 apps on the Play Store included Compose. The apps included those from companies such as Airbnb, Lyft and Square.[12] In May 2024, this number had grown to 40%.[13]

Google rewrote parts of Android's Settings app using Jetpack Compose in Android 14.[14] Meta Platforms developed its Threads social media app in five months using Jetpack Compose.[15][16] The Instagram for Android app has also been written using Jetpack Compose.[17]

Compose Multiplatform

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Compose Multiplatform is a multi-platform UI framework developed by JetBrains and based on Jetpack Compose. It is Jetpack Compose for Android ported to Windows, macOS, Linux and the web.[18][19][20] Version 1.0 alpha was released in August 2021.[7] iOS support was added in May 2023.[21]

References

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  1. ^ Panjuta, Denis; Nwokike, Loveth (December 12, 2023), "Basic Jetpack Compose Elements", Tiny Android Projects Using Kotlin, Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, pp. 233–257, ISBN 978-1-032-62253-8, retrieved June 14, 2025
  2. ^ a b Lardinois, Frederic (May 7, 2019). "Google launches Jetpack Compose, an open-source, Kotlin-based UI development toolkit". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  3. ^ Protalinski, Emil (October 23, 2019). "Google launches Jetpack Compose developer preview and Android Studio 4.0 Canary". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  4. ^ Bradshaw, Kyle (August 26, 2020). "Jetpack Compose reaches Alpha ahead of full release next year". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  5. ^ a b Bradshaw, Kyle (July 28, 2021). "Google launches Jetpack Compose 1.0, making Android UI design easier w/ Kotlin". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  6. ^ "Set up your Android project | Jetpack Compose". Android Developers. Archived from the original on April 28, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Anderson, Tim (August 6, 2021). "Does the world need another cross-platform framework? Tough, here's JetBrains with Compose Multiplatform". The Register. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  8. ^ a b Sinicki, Adam (November 10, 2019). "An introduction to Jetpack Compose for quick Android UI designs". Android Authority. Archived from the original on December 1, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  9. ^ "Thinking in Compose | Jetpack Compose". Android Developers. Retrieved April 12, 2025.
  10. ^ Krill, Paul (July 30, 2021). "Jetpack Compose for Android turns GA". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  11. ^ Vanyo, Alex (September 9, 2024). "Jetpack Compose APIs for building adaptive layouts using Material guidance now stable". Android Developers Blog. Retrieved April 12, 2025.
  12. ^ Nikolov, Lazar (April 19, 2023). "Build better Jetpack Compose apps with Sentry". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  13. ^ Developer Keynote (Google I/O '24). May 14, 2024. Retrieved December 24, 2024 – via YouTube.
  14. ^ Bradshaw, Kyle (February 14, 2023). "Google is gradually rewriting Android's Settings app with Jetpack Compose". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  15. ^ Evjen, Yasmine; Muntenescu, Florina (October 27, 2023). "Meta built threads in only 5 months using Jetpack Compose". Android Developers Blog. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  16. ^ Li, Abner (March 4, 2024). "Google on how Meta sped up its Android 14 app updates". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  17. ^ Hartig, Pascal (January 24, 2025). "Bringing Jetpack Compose to Instagram for Android". Engineering at Meta. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
  18. ^ "Compose Multiplatform – Beautiful UIs Everywhere". JetBrains. Retrieved June 14, 2025.
  19. ^ "What's new in Compose Multiplatform 1.8.1 | Kotlin Multiplatform". Kotlin Multiplatform Help. Retrieved June 14, 2025.
  20. ^ "Compatibility and versions | Kotlin Multiplatform". Kotlin Multiplatform Help. Retrieved June 14, 2025.
  21. ^ Krill, Paul (May 19, 2023). "JetBrains adds iOS support to cross-platform UI framework". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
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