Ge with descender Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge_with_descender

Ge with descender
Ge with descender
Ӷ ӷ
Г̡ г̡
Usage
Writing system	Cyrillic
Type	Alphabetic
Sound values	[ɣ], [ʁ], [ɢ]
History
Variations	Г̡ г̡
	This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Ge with descender (Ӷ ӷ; italics: Ӷ ӷ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script formed from the Cyrillic letter Ge (Г г Г г) by adding a descender. In Unicode this letter is called "Ghe with descender".^[1]

Usage

Ge with descender is used in the alphabets of the following languages:

Language	Pronunciation
Abkhaz	voiced velar fricative or voiced uvular fricative /ɣ ~ ʁ/
Ket	voiced uvular plosive /ɢ/ or voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/^[2]
Nivkh	voiced uvular plosive /ɢ/^[3]^[4]
Siberian Yupik	voiced uvular plosive /ɢ/^[5]

Variants

Ge with hook (, , sometimes Г̡ г̡, italics: Г̡ г̡) is an allograph of the letter ge with descender ⟨Ӷ ӷ⟩ of the Cyrillic script.^[6] It has been used in writing Ket and sometimes Nivkh, and in the transcription of Eskaleut languages.

Usage

Ge with hook is used in the literature of Nivkh to represent the voiced uvular plosive [ɢ],^[7] and is sometimes represented instead with the ge with descender ⟨Ӷ ӷ⟩.^[6] It is used, in particular, in the Sakhalin dialects and not in the Amur dialect of the Russian Far East.^[8]

Forms and variants

Ge with hook has the hook attached to the right in Nivkh in Taksami 1996, as well as Eskaleut languages works such as Ainana 1994, and Vakhtin 2003, in the Chaplino dialect in Menovchtchikov 1988, Menovchtchikov and Vakhtin 1990, Sigunylik 2003, in Naukan Yupik in Menovchtchikov 1975.

Form used in Eskaleut languages, in Ket or in Nivkh.

Computing codes

Character information
Preview	Ӷ		ӷ
Unicode name	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1270	U+04F6	1271	U+04F7
UTF-8	211 182	D3 B6	211 183	D3 B7
Numeric character reference	Ӷ	Ӷ	ӷ	ӷ

Ge with hook

Ge with hook has not yet been encoded in Unicode. In theory, it is possible to use the letter ge with descender ⟨Ӷ, ӷ⟩ with fonts or adapted applications in which these have the form of this letter, however, it is possible to be in some way approximate it as ge with a combining palatal hook so <Г̡> for uppercase and <г̡> for lowercase. This form is sometimes used instead of .

References

^ "Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF". pp 38–43 of The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0 (2010). p. 43. http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf Accessed 2011-04-23.
^ Вернер, Г. К. (1997). "Кетский язык". Языки мира. Палеоазиатские языки. Москва: Индрик.
^ Груздева, Е. Ю. (1997). "Нивхский язык". Языки мира. Палеоазиатские языки. Москва: Индрик.
^ "Nivkh (Нивхгу/Nivxgu)". Wolfram Siegel. in Omniglot: Writing systems & languages of the world. Simon Ager (ed.). http://www.omniglot.com/writing/nivkh.htm Accessed 2011-04-23.
^ Меновщиков, Г. А. (1997). "Азиатских эскимосов язык". Языки мира. Палеоазиатские языки. Москва: Индрик.
^ ^a ^b Berdnikov 1998.
^ Taksami 1996.
^ Portal Khabarovsk 2009, p. 3.

Sources

Айнана, Л. И.; Наказик, Г. А.; Сигунылик, М. И. (1994). Эскимосский язык: Учебник для 2-го кл (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: отд-ние изд-ва «Просвещение». ISBN 5-09-002367-0. Ainana1994.
Berdnikov, A.; Lapko, O.; Kolodin, M.; Janishevsky, A. (March 1998). "Alphabets necessary for various Cyrillic writing systems (Towards X2 and T2 Encodings)". Cahiers GUTenberg (28–29): 32–43. doi:10.5802/cg.221.
Меновщиков, Георгий Алексеевич (1975). Язык науканских эскимосов (in Russian). Ленинград: Ленинградское отделение издательства «Наука». ISBN 5-09-000102-2. Menovchtchikov1975.
Меновщиков, Георгий Алексеевич (1988). Словарь эскимосско-русский и русско-эскимосский (in Russian). Ленинград: Просвещение. ISBN 5-09-000102-2. Menovchtchikov1988.
Меновщиков, Георгий Алексеевич; Вахтин, Николай Борисович (1990). Эскимосский язык (in Russian). Ленинград: Просвещение. ISBN 5-09-000157-X. MenovchtchikovVakhtin1990.
Изучаем нивхский язык (in Russian and Nivkh). Хабаровск. 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Priest, Lorna A. (9 August 2005). Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters (PDF).
Сигунылик, М. И. (1988). Юпигыт улюӈат (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Издательство «Дрофа» Санкт-Петербург. ISBN 5-09-000102-2. Sigunylik2003.
Таксами, Чунер Михайлович (1996). Словарь нивхско-русский и русско-нивхский (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Просвещение. ISBN 5-09-002269-0.
Вахтин, Николай Борисович (2003). Эскимосский язык в таблицах (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Издательство «Дрофа» Санкт-Петербург. ISBN 978-5-9474-5145-0. Vakhtin2003.