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The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open-source framework introduced by Anthropic to standardize the way artificial intelligence (AI) models like large language models (LLMs) integrate and share data from diverse sources.[1] Similar to how USB-C standardizes connections between devices and peripherals, MCP provides a universal interface for AI models to seamlessly integrate and interact with external data sources and tools.[2]
The protocol was announced in November 2024[3] as an open-source[4] standard for connecting AI assistants to systems where data lives, including content repositories, business tools, and development environments.[5] It addresses the challenge of information silos and legacy systems that constrain even the most sophisticated AI models.[5]
MCP defines a set of specifications for:
The protocol enables developers to either expose their data through MCP servers or build AI applications (MCP clients) that connect to these servers.[5] Key components include:
Early adopters like Block and Apollo have integrated MCP into their systems, while development tools companies including Replit, Codeium, and Sourcegraph are working with MCP to enhance their platforms.[5] These integrations enable AI agents to better retrieve relevant information and produce more nuanced outputs with fewer attempts.[5]
Dhanji R. Prasanna, Chief Technology Officer at Block, stated: "Open technologies like the Model Context Protocol are the bridges that connect AI to real-world applications, ensuring innovation is accessible, transparent, and rooted in collaboration."[5]
In March 2025, OpenAI officially adopted the Model Context Protocol (MCP), following a decision to integrate the standard across its products, including the ChatGPT desktop app. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman announced the move, emphasizing that MCP support would be available in the OpenAI Agents SDK, with future support planned for the ChatGPT desktop app and the Responses API. This integration allows developers to connect their MCP servers to AI agents, simplifying the process of providing tools and context to large language models (LLMs).
Altman described the adoption of MCP as a step toward standardizing AI tool connectivity. Prior to OpenAI's adoption, the potential benefits of MCP had been discussed extensively within the developer community, particularly for simplifying development in multi-model environments.[6][7]
By adopting MCP, OpenAI joins other organizations such as Block, Inc., Replit, Codeium, and Sourcegraph in incorporating the protocol into their platforms. This wide adoption highlights MCP's potential to become a universal standard for AI system connectivity and interoperability.[8][9] MCP can be integrated with Microsoft Semantic Kernel,[10] and Azure OpenAI.[11] MCP servers can be deployed to Cloudflare.[12]
Anthropic has provided pre-built MCP servers for popular enterprise systems including:
The open-source repository of MCP server implementations is available on GitHub, providing developers with examples and foundations for building custom integrations.[13]
Developers can create custom MCP servers to connect proprietary systems or specialized data sources to AI models. These custom implementations enable:
The protocol's open standard allows organizations to build tailored connections while maintaining compatibility with the broader MCP ecosystem. AI models can then leverage these custom connections to provide domain-specific assistance while respecting data access permissions.[5]